Perception and Learning MCQs
Perception and Learning MCQs
These Perception and Learning multiple-choice questions and their answers will help you strengthen your grip on the subject of Perception and Learning. You can prepare for an upcoming exam or job interview with these Perception and Learning MCQs.
So scroll down and start answering.
1: Attribution theory is a theory that holds that people look for _______to explain the behavior of others: internal attributions, which are personal characteristics of others, and external attributions, which are situational factors.
A. Three causes
B. Two causes
C. Five causes
D. Six causes
2: A Classical conditioning concept developed by Russian physiologist _____that suggests that learning can be accomplished through the use of stimuli.
A. Ivan Pavlov
B. Fyodorov
C. Ilizarov
D. None of these
3: A Continuous________t schedule in which a reward occurs after each instance of a behavior or set of behaviors.
A. Reinforcemen
B. Annihilation
C. Avantgarde
D. Cancellation
4: ______ is an effect that takes place when people rank something higher or lower than they should as a result of exposure to recent events or situations
A. Contrast
B. Agreement
C. Conform
D. Likeness
5: A Extinction reinforcement contingency in which a behavior is followed by the absence of any consequence, thereby reducing the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated in the different situations
A. True
B. False
6: The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the impact of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others is known as _____.
A. Fundamental attribution error
B. Halo effect
C. Impression management
D. Ingratiation
7: A perception problem through which we form a positive bias of a general based on our overall impressions of that person.
A. True
B. False
8: The process by which we attempt to influence the perceptions others may have of us is known as _____.
A. Fundamental attribution error
B. Halo effect
C. Impression management
D. Ingratiation
9: A _______strategy of winning favor and putting oneself in the good graces of others before making a request.
A. Defamation
B. Alienation
C. Censure
D. Ingratiation
10: ________Reinforcement schedule in which a reward does not occur after each instance of a behavior or set of behaviors
A. Intermittent
B. Extinction
C. Learning
D. None of these
11: _______is an ongoing process through which individuals adjust their behavior based on experience.
A. Intermittent
B. Extinction
C. Learning
D. None of these
12: A ____ reinforcement contingency through which behaviors are followed by the removal of previously experienced negative consequences, resulting in the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the same or similar situations.
A. Intermittent
B. Extinction
C. Learning
D. Negative
13: ______conditioning is the process of forming associations between learning and behavior by controlling its consequences.
A. Operant
B. Entrepreneur
C. Ineffectual
D. Hamstrung
14: The use of behavioral techniques to reinforce negative work behavior and courage helpful work behavior is known as Organizational behavior modification.
A. True
B. Fasle
15: The process by which we receive and interpret information from our environment is known as ?
A. Perception
B. Positive reinforcement
C. Primacy effect
D. Projecting
16: A Positive reinforcement contingency through which behaviors followed by positive consequences, are more likely to occur again in the different situations.
A. True
B. False
17: A perception problem through which a general assesses a person quickly on the basis of the first information encountered is known as the primacy effect .
A. True
B. False
18: A ________ process through which people ascribe their own personal attributes onto others
A. Projecting
B. Punishment
C. Primacy
D. None of these
19: A Punishment reinforcement contingency that encourages desirable behavior by administering unpleasant consequences.
A. True
B. False
20: A perception problem through which we use the most recent information available to assess a person is known as _____effect ?
A. Recency
B. Antiquity
C. Mustiness
D. Outdated item
21: A ____ theory that states that behavior is a function of its consequences and is determined exclusively by environmental factors such as external stimuli and other reinforcers.
A. Reinforcement
B. Reinforcement theory
C. Selective attention
D. None of these
22: The tendency to selectively focus on aspects of situations that are most aligned with our ______.
A. Own interests
B. Values
C. Attitudes
D. All of these
23: The belief we have in our ability to succeed in a specific task or situation is known as ?
A. Self-fulfilling prophecy
B. Self-efficacy
C. Self-regulation
D. Self-serving bias
24: The way a person behaves based on preexisting expectations about another person or situation so as to create an outcome that is aligned with those expectations is known as _____.
A. Self-fulfilling prophecy
B. Self-efficacy
C. Self-regulation
D. Self-serving bias
25: ___ is a process whereby people set goals, creating a discrepancy between the desired state and the current state.
A. Self-fulfilling prophecy
B. Self-efficacy
C. Self-regulation
D. Self-serving bias
26: Self-serving bias is the tendency for generally to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on inner factors.
A. Self-fulfilling prophecy
B. Self-efficacy
C. Self-regulation
D. Self-serving bias
27: Social cognitive theory is a theory that proposes that learning takes place through the ____,_____, and the modeling of others within a social context.
A. Observation
B. Imitation
C. Both a and b
D. None of these
28: Stereotypes are generally fixed beliefs about the characteristics of a particular group.
A. True
B. False
29: A Triadic reciprocal model that shows human functioning shaped by three factors that are reciprocally related:______.
A. Reinforcement
B. Cognitive processes
C. Behavior
D. All of these
30: A process of learning by watching the actions or behaviors of the same person is known as Vicarious learning
A. True
B. False
31: Which of the following lists how perceptions—the process by which we receive and interpret information from our environment—are shaped?
A. Past experiences, culture, attitude, values, and upbringing
B. Observations, facts, and scientific theories
C. Genetic predisposition, education, and facts
D. Parents, professors, and pastimes
32: People don’t act based upon reality but upon their perceptions of reality. Which of the following lists why it is important to understand how perceptions are shaped?
A. So we can manipulate other people’s perspectives of us
B. Because the way we are perceived and the way in which we perceive others are crucial for career progress and for building relationships
C. Because people selectively focus on aspects of situaÂtions that are most aligned with our own interests, values, and attitudes
D. Because an individual assesses a person quickly on the basis of the first information encountered
33: Which of the following describes common perceptual distortions?
A. Stereotype, halo effect, and recency effect
B. Primacy effect, contrast effect, and project management
C. Consensus, self-serving bias, and classical conditioning
D. Projecting, self-efficacy, and ingratitude
34: Which of the following describes the three factors that influence internal and external attributions?
A. Recency effect, projecting, and stereotype
B. Contrast effect, self-fulfilling prophesy, and primacy effect
C. Contrast effect, impression management, and ingratiation
D. Consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus
35: Which of the following describes the fundamental attribution error?
A. The tendency for individuals to attribute external factors more than internal factors to one’s own failures
B. The inclination to attribute internal factors to the behavior of others more than external factors
C. The extent to which a person behaves consistently in similar situations
D. The extent to which a person responds in the same way over a period of time
36: Which of the following describes self-serving bias?
A. The extent to which a person behaves consistently in similar situations
B. The inclination to attribute internal factors to the behavior of others more than external factors
C. The extent to which a person responds in the same way over a period of time
D. The tendency for individuals to attribute external factors more than internal factors to one’s own failures
37: Which of the following describes the operant conditioning form of learning?
A. Neutral stimulus and unconditional stimulus
B. Accomplished through the use of stimuli
C. Achieved by forming associations between learning and behavior that occurs when the consequences of behavior are being controlled
D. The application of consequences for the purpose of establishing patterns of behavior
38: What is the work-related benefit of operant conditioning?
A. Rewarding employees for a job well done can encourage further positive performance.
B. When the fire alarm sounds, employees will safely leave the building.
C. Employees will be able to manage negative perceptions.
D. Employees will attribute internal factors to the behavior of others rather than external factors.
39: What are the four main types of behavioral reinforcement techniques?
A. Neutral stimulus, unconditional stimulus, operant conditioning, and classical conditioning
B. Past experiences, culture, attitude, values, and upbringing
C. Consensus, stimulus, self-serving bias, and classical conditioning
D. Positive, negative, punishment, and extinction
40: Which of the following describes negative reinforcement?
A. The administration of unpleasant consequences for the purpose of discouraging undesirable behavior
B. The removal of positive consequences for the purpose of discouraging undesirable behavior
C. The removal of previously experienced negative consequences, resulting in the likelihood that positive behaviors will occur again in the same or similar situations
D. The absence of any consequences, which reduces the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated in the same or similar situations
41: Which of the following is an example of intermittent reinforcement?
A. A fixed interval schedule is when a reward is provided every time the behavior occurs.
B. A fixed ratio schedule is followed when desired behaviors are rewarded after they have been intermittently reinforced.
C. A variable ratio schedule rewards people after the desired behavior has occurred after a varying number of times.
D. A reinforcement schedule rewards behavior every time it takes place.
42: Which of the following describes characteristics of social cognitive theory?
A. People observe, imitate, and model the behavior of others within their social context
B. People with high social cognitive skills learn faster than others.
C. Our cognitive processes, which include awareness, perception, reaÂsoning, and judgment, play important roles in how we act.
D. Learning is insignificant in the workplace, where employees only need to do as they are instructed.
43: Which of the following describes self-efficacy?
A. Self-efficacy is our personal belief in our ability to perform certain tasks or behaviors.
B. Self-efficacy is synonymous with self-confidence.
C. Individuals with high self-efficacy make better employees because they get along well with others.
D. Self-efficacy is a general sense of self-assurance in one’s personal judgment, ability, power, and more.
44: Select the response that indicates how the process of self-regulation helps individuals achieve goals.
A. It increases our personal belief in our ability to perform certain tasks or behaviors.
B. It prevents us from saying something that would be detrimental to our career success.
C. The discrepancy between the current state and the desired state creates tension, which drives us to increase efforts to reduce tension and reach the goal.
D. It prevents us from underestimating the influence of external factors when making judgments about the behavior of others.
45: Which of the following lists the three factors of the triadic reciprocal model of behavior?
A. Social cognition, self-regulation, and self-efficacy
B. Reinforcement, cognitive processes, and behavior
C. Perception management, attribution, and learning
D. Projecting, stereotypes, and selective attention
46: When employees believe in themselves, they are more apt ______.
A. To take risks
B. To take more time off
C. To be less satisfied on the job
D. To be more friendly
47: According to our text, the ______ also affects the perception process.
A. Consensus
B. Context
C. Content
D. Consistency
48: Our text quotes Lewin in saying that people act upon their ______ of reality.
A. Perceptions
B. Satisfaction
C. Need
D. Conditioning
49: Fisher and harris found that observers learned more when a model _______.
A. Frowned and shook her head
B. Showed no emotional reaction
C. Vacillated between happy and sad
D. Avoided looking at the observe
50: Secondary reinforcers are also called _______ reinforcers.
A. Transient
B. Conditioned
C. Second-order
D. Acquired
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