Making Inferences About Data MCQs
Making Inferences About Data MCQs
Answer these 40 Making Inferences About Data MCQs and see how sharp is your knowledge of Making Inferences About Data.
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1: A statistical procedure used to determine whether observed frequencies at each level of one categorical variable are similar to or different from frequencies expected is known as_____
A. Chi-square goodness-of-fit test
B. Chi-square test for independence
C. Chi-square test for homogeneity
D. None of these
2: A statistical procedure used to determine whether frequencies observed at the combination of levels of two categorical variables are similar to or different from frequencies expected is known as_____
A. Chi-square goodness-of-fit test
B. Chi-square test for independence
C. Chi-square test for homogeneity
D. None of these
3: Coefficient of determination is a measure (R2) of proportion of_____ used to describe effect size for data analyzed using a correlation coefficient or regression.
A. Variance
B. Standard deviation
C. Squared means
D. All of these
4: Cohen’s conventions means the standard rules for identifying _____ effects based on typical findings in behavioral research.
A. Small
B. Medium
C. Large
D. All of these
5: A measure of effect size in terms of the number of standard deviations that mean scores shifted above or below the population mean stated by the null hypothesis is known as_____
A. Cohen’s kappa
B. Cronbach’s alpha
C. Cohen’s d
D. Cramer’s v
6: The interval or range of possible values within which an unknown population parameter is likely to be contained is known as_____
A. Confidence interval
B. Confidence limits
C. Interval estimate
D. None of these
7: The upper and lower boundaries of a confidence interval given within a specified level of confidence refer to_____
A. Confidence interval
B. Confidence limits
C. Interval estimate
D. None of these
8: A measure of proportion of variance that is used as an estimate of effect size for the chi-square test for independence is known as_____
A. Cohen’s kappa
B. Cronbach’s alpha
C. Cohen’s d
D. Cramer’s V
9: A mean difference or discrepancy between what was observed in a sample and what was expected to be observed in the population is known as_____
A. Effect
B. Estimation
C. Interaction
D. None of these
10: Effect size includes_____
A. Size of an observed effect
B. Magnitude of an observed effect
C. Percentage of variance in a dependent variable
D. All of these
11: Effect size conventions means the standard rules for identifying_____ effects based on typical findings in behavioral research.
A. Small
B. Medium
C. Large
D. All of these
12: The types of estimation include_____
A. Point estimation
B. Interval estimation
C. Mean estimation
D. Both a and b
13: Eta squared is a measure (η2) of proportion of _____ used to describe effect size for data analyzed using ANOVA.
A. Variance
B. Standard deviation
C. Mean
D. All of these\
14: Procedures that allow researchers to infer or generalize observations made with samples to the larger population from which they were selected refer to inferential statistics.
A. True
B. False
15: Interaction is a source of variation associated with how the effects of one factor are_____, the levels of a second factor.
A. Influenced by
B. Dependent on
C. Influenced on
D. Both a and b
16: The interval or range of possible values within which an unknown population parameter is likely to be contained is known as_____
A. Interval estimate
B. Point estimate
C. Mean estimate
D. Both a and b
17: The probability or likelihood that an interval estimate will contain the value of an unknown population parameter is known as_____
A. Level of confidence
B. Level of significance
C. Level of estimate
D. None of these
18: A criterion of judgment upon which a decision is made regarding the value stated in a null hypothesis is known as_____
A. Level of confidence
B. Level of significance
C. Level of estimate
D. None of these
19: A source of variation associated with mean differences across the levels of a single factor is known as_____
A. Carryover effect
B. Testing effect
C. Main effect
D. None of these
20: Nonparametric tests analyze data on_____ scale of measurement.
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Ratio
D. Both a and b
21: Null hypothesis is a statement about a population parameter that is assumed to be false.
A. True
B. False
22: The p value is compared to the_____to make a decision about a null hypothesis.
A. Level of confidence
B. Level of significance
C. Level of estimate
D. None of these
23: Parametric tests analyze data on_____ scale.
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Ratio
D. Both a and b
24: A sample statistic that is used to estimate a population parameter is known as_____
A. Interval estimate
B. Point estimate
C. Mean estimate
D. Both a and b
25: Power is the probability that we will detect an effect if an effect actually exists in a population.
A. True
B. False
26: Power is the probability that we will detect an effect if an effect actually exists in a population.
A. True
B. False
27: When the null hypothesis is rejected, we reach significance.
A. True
B. False
28: A criterion of judgment upon which a decision is made regarding the value stated in a null hypothesis is known as_____
A. Significance level
B. Confidence level
C. Estimation level
D. None of these
29: When the null hypothesis is retained, we reach significance.
A. True
B. False
30: A mathematical formula that allows researchers to determine the likelihood of obtaining sample outcomes if the null hypothesis were true is known as_____
A. Inferential statistic
B. Test statistic
C. Descriptive statistic
D. None of these
31: Type I error is _____ finding.
A. True positive
B. True negative
C. False positive
D. False negative
32: Type II error is _____ finding.
A. True positive
B. True negative
C. False positive
D. False negative
33: Inferential statistics uses data taken from ______ to make generalizable observations to ______.
A. A sample; a target sample
B. A sample; a larger population
C. A population; other populations
D. A population; a target sample
34: If a researcher implements a new teaching strategy that is hypothesized to increase learning retention and tests scores, which of the following would be the correct null hypothesis?
A. The new teaching strategy will lower learning retention and tests scores.
B. The new teaching strategy will improve retention and test scores.
C. The new teaching strategy will improve learning retention and decrease test scores.
D. The new teaching strategy will lower learning retention and increase test scores.
35: A researcher sets a null hypothesis and runs a test statistic to see if the null hypothesis is true. The criterion is set at .05, and the results show that the tested p value is .021. What can the researcher conclude about their null hypothesis?
A. The researcher fails to reject the null and there is no significance.
B. The researcher fails to reject the null and the effect reached is significant.
C. The researcher can reject the null hypothesis and state the effect reached is significant.
D. The researcher cannot reject the null hypothesis and there is no significance.
36: If a researcher retains the null hypothesis that is actually false, they have performed a ______.
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Criterion error
D. Sample error
37: A significant ______ indicates that group means significantly vary across the levels of one factor, ______ of the second factor.
A. Variance effect; independent
B. Main effect; dependent
C. Test; dependent
D. Main effect; independent
38: What is the power of the decision-making process?
A. The chance of correctly accepting a false null hypothesis
B. The chance of incorrectly rejecting a null hypothesis
C. The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis
D. The probability of incorrectly accepting a false null hypothesis
39: A source of variation associated with how the effects of one factor are influenced by the levels of a second factor is ______.
A. Interaction
B. Main effect
C. P value
D. ANOVA
40: Pearson correlation coefficient parametric test for correlation is used for ______ levels of measurement.
A. Bimodal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval or ratio
D. Median
41: Which type of test is used to test significance in hypotheses tests with nominal or ordinal scales of measurement?
A. Parametric
B. Nonparametric
C. Linear regression
D. Multiple regression
42: A researcher needs to analyze one categorical factor for the extent to which frequencies observed fit well with the expected frequencies. The researcher should use ______.
A. Linear regression
B. Multiple regression
C. Chi-square goodness-of-fit
D. Cohen’s d
43: Often reported with both parametric and nonparametric tests for significance, ______ can describe the proportion of variance in a dependent variable that can be explained by the levels of a factor.
A. Effect size
B. Proportion size
C. Goodness-of-fit
D. T test
44: Which of the following is a sample statistic that is used to estimate a population parameter?
A. Interval estimate
B. Confidence interval
C. Level of confidence
D. Point estimate
45: A researcher that fails to report nonstatistical findings, whether to deliberately hide results or the publisher not publishing the article, is an ethical dilemma known as ______.
A. File drawer problem
B. Falsification
C. Obstruction
D. Research bias
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Making Inferences About Data MCQs
