Weak and Strong Designs MCQs
Weak and Strong Designs MCQs
Try to answer these 60 Weak and Strong Designs MCQs and check your understanding of the Weak and Strong Designs subject.
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1: Which of the following is an example of “presence versus absence” variation of the independent variable?
A. All participants’ reaction times are measured after ingesting two beers.
B. In a study of distraction on reading comprehension, one group is distracted by noise, another by flashing light, and a third by a bad odor.
C. The control group gets no tutoring, one experimental group gets 15 min of tutoring a day, and a second experimental group gets 30 min of tutoring a day.
D. An experimental group receives guided notes and the control group does not receive guided notes.
2: In which of the following designs is differential selection a threat to internal validity?
A. One-group pretest–posttest design
B. Posttest-only control group design
C. Pretest–posttest control group design
D. Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups
3: The design in which two or more independent variables, at least one of which is manipulated, are simultaneously studied to determine their independent and interactive effects on the dependent variable is called the ______.
A. Pretest–posttest control-group design
B. Factorial design
C. Repeated measures design
D. Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups
4: Why does a strong experiment include a control group?
A. It increases the number of people in the study, and hence, the generalizability of the results.
B. It gives us information about how participants would perform without experiencing the experimental treatment and it eliminates several threats to internal validity.
C. It eliminates the effects of all confounding variables.
D. Control groups have been an established part of scientific tradition for many decades.
5: The posttest-only control-group design requires ______.
A. Random assignment of participants
B. Random selection of participants
C. Matching on at least one extraneous variable
D. Relatively few participants
6: Suppose you are using a factorial design with independent variables A and B and dependent variable C. Your results reveal an interaction effect. This means that ______.
A. Variable A is effective in changing performance only if variable B is also effective
B. Variable B occurs between variables A and C in a causal chain
C. The effect of independent variable A on dependent variable C depends on the level of independent variable B one is at
D. There cannot be any main effects occurring if there is an interaction effect
7: The control technique of counterbalancing is used with which of the following designs?
A. Pretest–posttest control-group design
B. Factorial design
C. Repeated-measures design
D. One-group pretest-posttest design
8: Which of the following designs is the strongest for making claims about cause and effect?
A. One-group pretest-posttest design
B. Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups
C. Pretest–posttest control-group design
D. Nonequivalent comparison-group design
9: In which of the following designs is the basic history threat a problem for internal validity?
A. One-group pretest-posttest design
B. Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups
C. Pretest–posttest control-group design
D. Posttest-only control-group design
10: ______ is a statistical method that can be used to equate groups that are found to differ on a pretest or some other variable or variables.
A. Analysis of covariance
B. Counterbalancing
C. Random assignment
D. Building the extraneous variable into the research design
11: Random assignment of participants to the groups in an experiment guarantees that the groups will be exactly the same.
A. True
B. False
12: Random selection of participants is a control technique used in experimental research to help make groups as similar as possible?
A. True
B. False
13: In a repeated-measures design, all participants participate in all experimental conditions.
A. True
B. False
14: In the factorial design, “an interaction effect that occurs when the lines on a graph plotting the effect cross” is called an ordinal interaction effect.
A. True
B. False
15: A “field experiment” is an experiment conducted out of doors.
A. True
B. False
16: In which technique manipulating the independent variable by giving the various comparison groups different amounts of the independent variable ?
A. Variable technique
B. Amount technique
C. Control technique
D. All of these
17: Which analysis used to statistically equate groups that differ on a pretest or some other variable ?
A. Analysis of covariance
B. Analysis of diffusion
C. Analysis of influence
D. Analysis of validity
18: An independent variable in which each participant receives only one of its levels is between subjects independent variable
A. True
B. False
19: Carryover effect that occurs when performance in one experimental treatment condition is influenced by participation in a prior condition(s)
A. True
B. False
20: A combination of two or more independent variables in a factorial design is called
A. Row
B. Column
C. Cell
D. None of these
21: In which group that does not receive the experimental treatment condition ?
A. Cell group
B. Active group
C. Control group
D. Positive group
22: Administering all experimental conditions to all participants but in different orders; it is used with within-subjects independent variables is known as
A. Balancing
B. Counterbalancing
C. Anti Counter balancing
D. None of these
23: The influence of an extraneous variable that is different for the various comparison groups is _____ influence
A. Disordinal
B. Differential
C. Ordinal
D. All of these
24: An interaction effect represented graphically by crossed lines on a graph plotting the effect is _____ effect
A. Disordinal
B. Differential
C. Ordinal
D. All of these
25: A design in which neither the researcher nor the participant knows the specific condition (experimental treatment or control) that the participant is in double blind procedure
A. True
B. False
26: Experimenter’s goal of constructing comparison groups that are similar on all confounding extraneous variables and different only on the independent variable is equating the comparison groups
A. True
B. False
27: An environment in which the researcher attempts to objectively observe phenomena that are made to occur in a strictly controlled situation in which one or more variables are varied and the others are kept constant is called
A. Theory
B. Experiment
C. Research
D. Design
28: Eliminating any differential influence of extraneous variables through the use of an experimental research design is called
A. Experimental method
B. Experimental control
C. Experimental research
D. None of above
29: The group that receives the experimental treatment condition is called
A. Experimental method
B. Experimental treatment group
C. Experimental research group
D. None of above
30: A design in which two or more independent variables, at least one of which is manipulated, are simultaneously studied to determine their independent and interactive effects on the dependent variable is called factorial design
A. True
B. False
31: A factorial design in which different participants are randomly assigned to the different levels of one independent variable but all participants take all levels of another independent variable is called factorial design based on a mixed model .
A. True
B. False
32: An _____ that is conducted in a real-life setting is called field experiment
A. Experimental study
B. Environmental study
C. Non experimental study
D. All of above
33: The effect of an independent variable on the dependent variable depends on or varies across the levels of another independent variable is known as _____
A. Interaction effect
B. Electronic effect
C. Magnetic effect
D. Chemical effect
34: An experimental study that is conducted over the Internet is called
A. Internet experiment
B. Research experiment
C. General experiment
D. Special experiment
35: A study conducted in a controlled environment where one or more variables are precisely manipulated and all or nearly all extraneous variables are controlled is called laboratory experiment
A. True
B. False
36: The effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable is called
A. Main effect
B. General effect
C. No effect
D. None of above
37: The mean of the scores in the cells either down a column or across a row, in a factorial design table of mean outcomes is called marginal mean
A. True
B. False
38: Equating comparison groups on one or more variables that are correlated with the independent variable is called matching
A. True
B. False
39: A single group of research participants is exposed to an experimental treatment and then measured on the _____ to assess the effect of the treatment condition is called one group posttest only design
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Constant variable
D. All of above
40: Measurement of the _____ at the pretest, followed by administration of the experimental treatment, followed by posttest measurement using the same measure of the dependent variable is called one group pretest-posttest design
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Constant variable
D. All of above
41: A sequencing effect that occurs due to the order in which the treatment conditions are administered is called
A. Order effect
B. Order interaction effect
C. Disarray effect
D. Disarray interaction effect
42: An interaction effect represented graphically by non parallel lines plotting the effect that do not cross within the graph is called
A. Order effect
B. Order interaction effect
C. Disarray effect
D. Disarray interaction effect
43: A research design in which participants are randomly assigned to the experimental treatment and control conditions, one group is administered the active treatment condition, and the posttest is administered to all groups is called posttest only control group design
A. True
B. False
44: Comparing the posttest performance of a group of participants who have been given an experimental treatment condition with that of a group that has not been given the experimental treatment condition is called Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups
A. True
B. False
45: Manipulating the _____ by presenting one group the treatment condition and withholding it from the other group
A. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Constant variable
D. All of above
46: A research design that administers a posttest to _____ randomly assigned groups of participants after both have been pretested and one of the groups has been administered the experimental treatment condition is called pretest posttest control group design.
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. One
47: A design that is stronger than the weak designs but not as strong as the strong or randomized designs is called quasi experimental design
A. True
B. False
48: A procedure that makes assignments to conditions on the basis of chance and in this way maximizes the probability that the comparison groups will be equated on all extraneous variables; randomly assigning a set of people to different groups is called
A. Group assignment
B. Random assignment
C. Specific assignment
D. None of above
49: A popular term for experimental designs with _____ of participants to experimental treatment and control groups and, if possible, use of double-blind procedures is called RCT
A. Group assignment
B. Random assignment
C. Specific assignment
D. None of above
50: A design in which all participants participate in all experimental conditions is called repeated measures design
A. True
B. False
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